Simulation and optimization applications include those that can advise on an optimum configuration of the production system by simulating different versions of the virtual asset. The applications must be able to take into account a variety of operational constraints. The production related data for this class of applications is in scope.

 

Advanced reconciliation applications. Accurate measurements are often taken only at a few isolated points of the production system. To assess whether or not a particular component of the production system is behaving in accordance with the model, it may be required to reallocate these figures back to the original sources. As these reconciled figures will be used to assess the quality of the modeled behavior, the models themselves should not also be used for this reconciliation process. Novel applications use pressure and bulk-flow measurements throughout the production system, combined with data-driven models to arrive at accurate flow estimates. These types of applications use a variety of production related data which is in scope.

 

Monitoring applications. In scope are the production data requirements of applications that are used to monitor the behavior of the various components of the system and compare actual with predicted behavior. These applications include data validation as well as alerting functionality.

 

Advisory tools. The production data required for the class of tools that will be invoked whenever predicted behavior and actual performance differ significantly (that is, the variation is more than the expected accuracy range). These tools may include the ability to assess a probable root cause where possible and alert the appropriate party.